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ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children. It is nevertheless still poorly understood and surrounded by misconceptions. Here is a simple and complete explanation. Understanding it well is the first step towards better supporting the child.
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that shows up as difficulties with attention and, at times, hyperactivity and impulsivity. These difficulties are persistent, appear in childhood and have an impact in several areas of life. The difficulties are greater than those of children of the same age.
We explain this point in ADHD: is it a disability.
Inattention shows up as distractibility, forgetfulness and disorganisation. Hyperactivity shows up as significant restlessness. Impulsivity shows up as difficulty waiting and holding back one’s reactions. These symptoms are present in several settings, at home and at school.
This topic is covered in our page The signs of ADHD in children.
ADHD may be predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive or combined. The presentation may change with age. The presentation is specified by the doctor at the time of diagnosis.
You will find more details in the article ADD or ADHD: the difference.
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According to the Haute Autorité de Santé, ADHD affects around 5% of children. It often persists into adulthood, sometimes in a different form. It is therefore a common disorder, which concerns many families.
Our article ADHD: how many children are affected in France complements this advice.
ADHD has a strong genetic component. Environmental factors, such as very premature birth, may also play a role. It is not caused by upbringing. Parents are not responsible for their child’s disorder.
To find out more, see The causes of ADHD.
The diagnosis is clinical: it is based on the assessment of symptoms, their duration and their impact, by a trained doctor. There is no blood test or imaging examination that makes the diagnosis. It relies on interviews, examination of the child and questionnaires.
The article Who makes the ADHD diagnosis looks at this question in detail.
The HAS recommends support tailored to each child, which notably combines psychoeducation, parent guidance, school adjustments and, if needed, medication. The support is adapted to each child and each family.
This point is explained step by step in Treatment of ADHD in children.
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A neurodevelopmental disorder that combines inattention, and at times hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder.
Around 5% of children according to the HAS. Around 5% of children are affected.
No, it has a strong genetic component. The diagnosis is clinical.
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