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ADHD and the brain: what research says

What happens in the brain of a person with ADHD? Research has advanced a great deal in recent years. It does not allow a diagnosis through imaging, but it helps to better understand the disorder. Here are the essentials. This knowledge helps to move beyond preconceived ideas.

A neurodevelopmental disorder

ADHD is linked to the development and functioning of the brain. It is neither a matter of willpower nor a matter of upbringing. It develops differently in some people.

We explain this point in more detail in What is ADHD.

The attention and control networks

Studies show, on average, differences in the brain networks that manage attention, behavioural control and planning, particularly in the frontal regions. These regions play a role in planning and control.

This topic is covered in our page ADHD and executive functions.

A different maturation

Some studies have observed that the maturation of certain regions of the cortex may be later in children with ADHD. This does not necessarily mean that the brain fully catches up on its delay. This question is still the subject of research.

You will find more details in the article ADHD in adolescence.

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Neurotransmitters

Dopamine and noradrenaline, which are involved in attention and motivation, are implicated. Drug treatments act on these neurotransmitters. Their exact role continues to be studied.

Our article ADHD and dopamine complements this advice.

Genetics

ADHD has a strong genetic component, with many genes involved. Research continues to identify these factors. This work could improve understanding of the disorder.

To find out more, see ADHD: is it hereditary.

No diagnosis through imaging

These differences are observed on average across groups of people. They do not allow an ADHD diagnosis to be made for a particular individual. The diagnosis remains clinical. It is based on the assessment of symptoms and their impact.

The article Who makes the ADHD diagnosis looks at this question in detail.

Plasticity

The brain remains capable of learning and adapting. Strategies, the environment and support influence the way a person lives with their ADHD. Learned strategies help in daily life.

This point is explained step by step in ADHD: support at home.

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Frequently asked questions

Is the brain of people with ADHD different ?

Differences are observed on average in certain attention and control networks. Differences are observed on average.

Can ADHD be diagnosed by MRI ?

No, the diagnosis remains clinical. The diagnosis remains clinical.

Which neurotransmitters are involved ?

In particular dopamine and noradrenaline. The brain remains plastic.

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